Effects Of Meningitis

It can affect anyone but is most common in babies young children teenagers and young adults. Some of the most common complications associated with meningitis are.

Efek Samping Dari Vaksin Meningitis Medis 2021

Meningitis also known as spinal meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection causing inflammation of the membranes called meninges.

Effects of meningitis. 2 3 In Asia and Africa about one fifth to a quarter of survivors suffer from long-term sequelae. Alongside the hidden after-effects the devastating physical impact of meningitis was also reported with sufferers being five times more likely to have a significant hearing impairment with 24 of survivors having bilateral hearing loss requiring a cochlear implant. It can then go into the bloodstream and reach the brain and spinal cord.

The patient usually experiences fever headache vomiting irritability anorexia and stiffness in the neck. Meningitis symptoms strike suddenly and worsen quickly. Meningitis is an infection of the membranes meninges that protect the spinal cord and brain.

However worldwide bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality causing annually over 303000 deaths and 2628000 years lived with disability. Cryptococcal meningitis is a serious. Meningitis can be caused by various infectious agents including viruses fungi and protozoan s but bacteria produce the most life-threatening forms.

Meningitis is a neurological condition in which the meninges or the covering of the spinal cord and brain become infected. Some 6000 cases of pneumococcal meningitis are reported in the United States each year. An infection usually starts in the respiratory tract.

Recurrent seizures epilepsy problems with memory and concentration. In addition significant amputation with disability was witnessed. In a child it may first cause a cold sinus infection or ear infection.

Cryptococcus is a common fungus that is often found in soil and bird droppings. Hearing loss which may be partial or total people who have had meningitis will usually have a hearing test after a few weeks to check for any problems. When the barrier is permeable infections are able to transmit a disease in or through and cause serious or even fatal effects.

Bacterial meningitis can be deadly or cause significant damage to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is usually more severe and may lead to long-term complications or death. Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord meninges.

This can cause life-threatening problems. The most common cause of meningitis is a viral infection according to MedlinePlus but meningitis can also be caused by bacteria. Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly.

Meninges act as a natural protective barrier that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Cryptococcal meningitis affects the spinal cord and the lining of the brain. With any medicine including vaccines there is a chance of side effects.

When the membranes become infected they swell and press on the spinal cord or brain. Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is the most serious form of bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis can cause stroke hearing loss and permanent brain damage.

The survivors are at high risk to develop long-term sequelae despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and availability of vaccines. These are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days but serious reactions are possible. Symptoms commonly associated with bacterial meningitis include acute onset of high fever headache neck stiffness photophobia and confusion.

Child Development Assessment

What is childhood assessment. Assessments of childrens health and development according to the Key Age and Stage Framework.

Pdf The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool Mdat The Creation Validation And Reliability Of A Tool To Assess Child Development In Rural African Settings Semantic Scholar

Structured assessment of a childs development aims mainly to clarify the quantity and quality of the childs devel-opmental status.

Child development assessment. Early Childhood Assessments Made Simple. Choose the assessments your program uses and select YES. Add a new Development Assessment by clicking the add.

The clinic professionals are fully trained in various comprehensive assessment techniques and in the interpretation of the results. Ensure that more comprehensive developmental evaluations are completed if. Overall reliability is acceptable to high but normative data are two decades old which may overestimate scores.

Use an appropriate data collection method. They show us the skills that children are learning. Avoid asking families to fill out a form if they are not comfortable doing so.

Periodically screen children with validated tools at recommended ages to identify any areas of concern that may require a further examination or evaluation. The Westcoast Child Development Group provides a number of assessment services that use standardized testing materials multiple sources and sound clinical judgement. The most widely used tool for screening proper development in a child for a long time was the Denver Developmental Screening Test Denver scale which suggests milestones according to the age.

Developmental assessment is an important phase of pediatric care carried out for children. When educators do an assessment they observe a child to get information. Goal of Developmental Assessment The goal of developmental assessment is not only to generate a diagnosis but equally important to analyze the pattern of strengths and weaknesses in the child family and available developmental educational and social support systems in.

An assessment is a structured evaluation of your childs developmentphysical language intellectual social and emotionalby a developmental assessment specialist or a team of professionals that can include a pediatrician language specialist audiologist occupational therapist child psychologist and a physical therapist among others. Children develop at different rates and it is important to distinguish those who are within the normal range from. The members of the team should all have a solid understanding of child development.

The comparison group is obtained from a representative sample of the population that the child comes from. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence WPPSI the Bayley Scales of Infant Development electroencephalogram EEG Kaufman Assessment Battery K-ABC the Battelle Developmental Inventory the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Pre-Language Assessment Survey Pre-LAS 2. Childhood assessment is a process of gathering information about a child reviewing the information and then using the information to plan educational activities that are at a level the child can understand and is able to learn from.

The process involves performing accurate assessments for determining the ability of the child to meet. Even today the tool is used in many countries. Some diagnostic assessment tools used for determining or identifying developmental issues are.

Developmental assessment is the process of mapping a childs performance compared with children of similar age. ASSESSING YOUNG CHILDRENS DEVELOPMENT 5 The childs family culture and community. Gross motor visual reception fine motor receptive language and expressive language.

Assessment is a critical part of a high-quality early childhood program. Developmental assessment is a recommended procedure that addresses the various aspects concerning the physical and mental growth and development of a child. Allied health professionals working in early childhood intervention services use a range of professional and clinical assessment tools to identify childrens strengths and design programs that best support each childs.

Mullen Scales of Early Learning MSEL- assesses child development in five separate domains. Monitor the childs development during regular well-child visits. The assessment should be conducted by a team that may include a pediatrician audiologist child psychologist and child psychiatrist among others to get a complete picture of your childs skills.

However the procedure also offers several advantages in terms of health promotion box 2. Many other diagnostic assessment. Assessment tools help us set goals for our students to meet them along their developmental journey.

Open up the CHILD ASSESSMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS section. Bring an interpreter if needed. Child Development Assessment Developmental Milestones and Denver Developmental Screening Test.

Use the family members native language to better understand their views about their child. In the CHILDREN section select the child you are recording the assessment for and click the ASSESSMENTS link. It is usually conducted when a doctor or parent notices that a child is experiencing a developmental problem in one of these areas.

Early childhood assessments have many benefits. Select YES to SHOW CHILD DEVELOPMENT TOOLS. A development assessment is a comprehensive evaluation of a childs physical intellectual language emotional and social development.

Signs Of A Healthy Heart

When jaw pain is paired with. It means your cardiovascular system is operating normally supplying your system with the oxygen it needs.

Women S Heart Health Specialized Cardiac Care For Women Wdh

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Signs of a healthy heart. Frequently Ignored and Surprising Symptoms of Heart Disease Most of us are familiar with symptoms of a heart attack such as pain in the left arm or chest pain difficulty breathing chest pressure and fainting. If you can play 3 rounds of squash or a game of table tennis without any heartache then you have no worries. A heart attack feels like heaviness tightness or pressure in the chest.

Video of the Day. Fluttering feelings in the chest palpitations and heart failure signified by shortness of breath fatigue or. You can test yourself by taking your heart rate immediately after exercising and again after resting for one minute.

Always a 90 Day Guarantee. However chest pain is a less common sign of heart disease as it progresses so be aware of other symptoms. Ad Schedule a visit with a Cardiologist today.

But there are other equally important warning signs of an unhealthy heart to watch out for. Ad Safe Premium Quality Herbal Remedies. Tell your doctor if you have.

When you are often fatigued it may mean the heart isnt able to pump enough blood to give your body the nutrients it needs possibly because of clogged or hardened arteries. Jaw pain alone isnt a strong symptom for a heart attack but rather an issue with your temporomandibular joint TMJ. Always a 90 Day Guarantee.

One of the alarm signals for a heart attack is chest pain. The early signs of an unhealthy heart are often vague fatigue chalked up to something else heartburn or seemingly not linked to your heart at all gum problems. Ad Read Janes Story About One Simple Trick For Fast And Painless Relief.

Your ability to breathe normally when you are out for a walk and to catch your breath after swimming sprints is a positive sign of heart health. The most obvious sign of a heart problem is heartache. Even though your whole body depends on your heart you might not know if its in trouble.

Chest pain or discomfort Chest pain is one of the most important red flags for a heart attack. However many people dont understand that this is a medical emergency. Ad Safe Premium Quality Herbal Remedies.

Besides a heart attack other signs of heart disease are an arrhythmia. Pain running from the heart up to around the jaw area is a common sign of a heart attack especially in women. A consistently sluggish and rundown feeling can be a sign of something seriously wrong with your heart.

The ability to quickly rebound to your normal heart rate after intensive exercise is another sign you have a healthy heart. The ability to perform physical activity is one of the signs of a healthy heart. In case you suddenly start to feel unwell and that your chest is contracting get someone to call an ambulance.

Pain numbness andor tingling in the shoulders arms neck jaw or back Shortness of breath when active at rest or while lying flat. Symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both arms the back neck jaw or stomach. Having open wounds and infected parts of your mouth allows things bad for your heart to flow directly to it affecting the hearts overall health.

As published in the BBC report normal healthy vital signs include blood pressure below 14090 mmHg each time it is taken a resting pulse of about 70 beats per minute and a respiratory rate of about 16 to 20 breaths per minute You pay attention to your mental and emotional health. Ad Schedule a visit with a Cardiologist today.

What Is The Right Temperature For A Fridge

The ideal fridge temperature is between 37F 3C and 40F 5C Your freezer temperature should be at 0F -18C. Botulinum which causes botulism.

The Refrigerator Temperature Your Fridge Should Be Set To Chart And Tips Real Simple

Beers with bolder flavor like Belgian ales should be 50 degrees or higher.

What is the right temperature for a fridge. Some models may have different recommendations in the user manual or on the control panel. If youre experiencing temperature fluctuations read our guide to troubleshooting a fridge. Anything over 8C and you risk your health as most harmful bacteria can grow rapidly on your food if its stored at these temperatures its commonly referred to as the danger zone for microbial growth.

According to the Food and Drug Administration FDA you should keep your refrigerator at or below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Whats the best refrigerator temperature. The ideal refrigerator temperature is between 35F and 38F.

The consensus from multiple sources online is that the best temperature range for your fridge and freezer is 35F to 38F for the fridge and -18C 0F for the freezer. The safe refrigerator temperature range in the main compartment is 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below with 37 degrees Fahrenheit being considered the optimal for holding foods cold. The optimal fridge temperature is 44F 7C.

What do the numerical settings on the fridge mean. Taking into account the temperature drop from the opening and closing of the fridge door the fridge should be set at a temperature between 1-5C. If your fridge has a regulator with settings from 1-6 or 2-7 set the regulator to 1 or 2.

While a digital thermometer comes standard in many newer fridge. Most premium lagers are best between 42 and 48 degrees and quality ales should be between 44 and 52 degrees. Its a good target to aim for because it means not freezing foods yet still keeping them below 4C.

The ideal freezer temp is below 0F. Authentic Stouts should be as warm as 55 degrees. The Australian Standard for fridges uses a fresh food compartment average temperature of 3C.

Why the right fridge temperature matters If you want to get the most out of your food the temperature in your fridge needs to be between 0C and 5C. This recommendation teeters above freezing no ice crystals or frozen foods here. Your refrigerator temperature should.

So whats the optimal temperature for a refrigerator. However the ideal refrigerator temperature is actually lower. As long as the fridge is under 40 and the freezer is at 0 or less you will keep food fresh.

For the food in your refrigerator to stay fresh for as long as possibleno ice crystals on the lettuce or bacteria breeding in warm spotsthe refrigerator temperature should hover right around 37. However a range of 3340F 04C is generally accepted as safe for most purposes. Aim to stay between 35 and 38F or 17 to 33C.

This way your fridge temperature wont be too cold. For the freezer the ideal temperature is -2 degrees Fahrenheit. On most models the ideal temperature setting for the refrigerator is 38 degrees Fahrenheit.

That temperature prevents the growth of bacteria like Salmonella E. The right temperature for your refrigerator is about 37F 3C. When you organize your fridge be sure to set it to the right temperature.

According to the FDA the food in your refrigerator should be stored at or below 40ºF. But do you know what the best temperature is for it. According to the UK food standards agency the ideal fridge temperature for food is 8C and below.

Fridge Temperature Range To maintain food safety standards its recommended that you always keep the fridge below 5C and the freezer below -18C. Food and Drug Administration FDA says the recommended refrigerator temperature is below 40F. Place a refrigerator thermometer inside the main compartment to track the temperature.

Blood Pressure Explanation

Systolic blood pressure is. High Blood Pressure 1 What is high blood pressure.

Hypertension

In the body the arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Blood pressure explanation. Definition of blood pressure. What does a blood pressure reading look like. Blood pressure chart for adults Using this blood pressure chart.

The level of your blood pressure determines what kind of treatment you may need. As blood travels through the arteries it presses against the walls of the arteries. To work out what your blood pressure readings mean just find your top number systolic on the left side of the blood pressure chart and read across and your bottom number diastolic on the bottom of the blood pressure.

Blood pressure is a measurement used in medicine. Blood pressure force originating in the pumping action of the heart exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Diastolic blood pressure the bottom number measures the force your heart exerts on the walls of your arteries in between beats.

The top number or systolic pressure measures how much pressure is in the arteries when the heart contracts. Its measured in millimeters of mercury mm Hg. This can be dangerous because.

Blood pressure Prepared by. In adults a blood pressure reading of 9060 mm Hg or below is often considered hypotension. When used without qualification the term blood pressure refers to the pressure in the large arteries.

High blood pressure can lead to heart disease and. Systolic pressure the pressure when your heart pushes blood out. Diastolic blood pressure the second number indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting between beats.

As your heart pumps it forces blood out through arteries that carry the blood throughout your body. Blood pressure is the force exerted by your blood against your arteries. Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure in your arteries during the active and resting phases of each heartbeat.

This is the highest level your blood pressure reaches when your heart beats forcing blood around your body. Blood pressure thats too low Low blood pressure is known as hypotension. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day but it can cause health problems if it stays high for a long time.

Is force exerted by arterial walls during systole. Blood pressure 1. It is affected by various factors including body position breathing emotional state exercise and sleep.

Systolic blood pressure. Definition Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the wall of blood vessel 3. Blood pressure measures the extent of the force of blood on your blood vessel walls as your heart pumps.

Blood pressure BP is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Systolic blood pressure the first number indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when the heart beats. Pressure that is exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels and especially arteries and that varies with the muscular efficiency of the heart the blood volume and viscosity the age and health of the individual and the state of the vascular wall Examples of blood pressure in a Sentence.

Blood pressure is a measure of the force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body. The stretching of the vessels in response to this force and their subsequent contraction are important in maintaining blood flow through the vascular system. Blood pressure readings fall into four general categories ranging from normal to stage 2 high blood pressure hypertension.

How is blood pressure measured. It changes to meet your bodys needs. The bottom number or diastolic pressure measures the blood pressure between beats.

Blood pressure measures how hard the blood is pushing against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury mmHg and is given as 2 figures. High blood pressure or hyper-tension can occur when plaque builds up in arteries causing your blood to exert more force as it tries to squeeze through.

When you have your blood pressure measured you will be given two numbers a top number and a bottom number. Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.

A blood pressure reading is made up of two numbers expressed as a fraction. Blood pressure is the force of blood against your artery walls as it circulates through your body. This is the first or top number.

Blood pressure does not stay the same all the time.

Calories Needed To Maintain Weight

Most adults need to eat between 1600 and 3000 calories per day to maintain their current weight according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. People have different body types and what is generally recommended may not always work for everyone.

How To Calculate Your Calorie Intake Q A Quickie Cute766

Add 200 or 300 calories every 1-2 weeks until you get to your maintenance intake level.

Calories needed to maintain weight. If you have an overweight BMI then you can reduce that figure by up to 500 calories a day to start. Use the calorie calculator to estimate the number of daily calories your body needs to maintain your current weight. The body does not require many calories to simply survive.

Thats about one 20-ounce regular soda. Burn an extra 250 calories through physical activity. If youre pregnant or breast-feeding are a competitive athlete or have a metabolic disease such as diabetes the calorie calculator may overestimate or underestimate your.

You dont want to jump right up to your new calorie intake goal for maintenance. If youre obese the NHLBI states you must aim to reduce intake or increase the amount you burn by 500 calories or more each day. To lose weight --.

Considering portions can help with counting calories and maintaining a healthful weight. Men ages 19 to 30 require 2400 to 3000 calories men ages 31 to 50 need 2200 to 3000 calories and men over 50 require 2000 to 2800 calories each day to maintain a healthy body weight. Once you reach your new goal I would recommend that you track your progress for at least two weeks to see what effect it has on your overall body weight.

However the calorie needs for men will change if. Use this calculator to find out how many calories you need to maintain your current weight. In the article below you will find information on how to calculate maintenance.

With a BMR of 12898 she must multiply this number by 155 which equals 199919 daily calories needed. To maintain weight the chart below shows you your daily calorie limit. Simply use the Diet Assessment Calorie Calculator tool to help you find the appropriate calorie level based on the changes youve made in your lifestyle.

In conclusion to be healthy as you age you must calculate your calories and adhere to the number. Well according to experts an average man needs to consume 2000 calories to lose one pound of weight per week and only 2500 calories to maintain weight. In order to maintain your current weight you must consume the same number of calories as you burn.

How big should your calorie deficit be for weight loss. Though it differs depending on age and activity level adult males generally require 2000-3000 calories per day to maintain weight while adult females need around 1600-2400 according to the US Department of Health. Your body mass index BMI gives you an indication of whether you are over under or normal weight.

Calories in is equal to calories out. But the number of calories you eat should not be your only concern you should also consider the quality of the food you eat. Conversely if you are wanting to lose weight this can be accomplished by consuming less calories or burning more calories ie.

Eating around 2500 calories a day without an increase in physical activity would lead to weight gain over time whereas eating 1500 calories would lead to weight loss. If you want to know how to distribute these calories healthily throughout your diet check out our carb protein and fat intake calculators. However its best to consult your doctor or nutritionist.

If not you will most likely gain weight. Calories in is less than calories. For example if the label on an ice cream tub shows that a portion measuring 23 cup has 230 calories a.

Cut 250 calories from your daily diet. And an average woman needs to consume 1500 calories to lose one pound of weight per week and only 2000 per day calories needed to maintain weight. If youve lost a significant amount of weight increased your exercise or made any significant changes in your lifestyle in regard to eating and exercise its time to modify your plan.

Its based on your age activity level and the BMI body-mass index of 215 for women and 225 for men. It is calculated using the formula body weight in kg height in meters2. For a 150-lb person thats about.

This maintenance calorie calculator allows you to calculate how many calories your body needs to maintain your current weight. The number may seem high but it is what is necessary for the body to maintain its healthy weight. As an example an average height 32-year-old man who weighs 160 pounds and is moderately active will require about 2600 calories to maintain his weight.

Your specific calorie needs will vary which is why the calculator is helpful.

When Was The First Flu Vaccine Developed

That was where things stood in 1939 and 1940 as Americans faced the prospect of being drawn into war. And experimental cholera vaccines had been developed.

Timeline The Secret History Of Swine Flu New Scientist

Their vaccine uses fertilized chicken eggs in a method that is still used to produce most flu vaccines today.

When was the first flu vaccine developed. A second shingles vaccine Shingrix licensed in 2017 produces a more robust immune response than Zostavax did. Doctors and scientists first developed viable flu vaccines in the 1940s so they were not starting from scratch when they went to work on the 1957. This will include a priority list of who gets the vaccine first.

Almroth Wright had tested a whole-cell pneumococcal vaccine in South African gold miners in 1911. In 1978 the first trivalent flu vaccine was introduced. The first flu vaccine was licensed for civilian use in the US.

Francis had developed a primitive vaccine that showed promise in the lab but it was nowhere near ready for general testing. By late November the first clinical studies of pandemic swine flu vaccine will be completed. During the 1978 pandemic scientists developed the first trivalent flu vaccine which protected against one strain of influenza AH1N1 one strain of influenza virus AH3N2 and a type B virus.

The first bivalent influenza vaccine was developed in 1942 as a response to the discovery of Influenza Type B. The influenza virus was discovered in the early 1930s and scientists developed a working vaccine by the 1940s when it was first used on soldiers during World War II. FDA licensed the first vaccine developed to prevent cervical cancer Gardasil by Merck Co Inc precancerous genital lesions and genital warts due to human papillomavirus HPV types.

Attempts at flu vaccines elsewhere were inconclusive. Considering that the fastest vaccine the mumps vaccine took 4 years to develop it is natural to have some apprehension over the safety and effectiveness of a vaccine. Cowpox can spread to humans who are in contact with sores seen on cows.

Thomas Francis Jr MD and Jonas Salk MD serve as lead researchers at the University of Michigan to develop the first inactivated flu vaccine with support from the US. Dr Jenner performing his first vaccination on James Phipps a boy of age 8. Nearly 200 million doses of vaccine were expected to be manufactured this.

In 1938 Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis developed the first vaccine against flu viruses. 14 May 1796 Jenner was familiar with cowpox an uncommon and mild infection seen in cattle. When was the flu vaccine invented.

The very first monovalent flu vaccine was invented in 1938 and was widely used to inoculate United States defence forces during World War 2. The first shingles vaccine Zostavax was licensed in 2006. This first flu vaccine protected the US.

Two doses of this vaccine separated by two to six months are recommended for people 50 years and older. Diphtheria antitoxin -- a medication made from the blood of previously infected animals -- had been used for treatment since the late 1800s. Not that a vaccine against even one strain would be easy.

Salk used his experience with influenza vaccine to develop an effective polio vaccine in 1952. In 1973 WHO developed a more rigorous process for targeting the strains that affect people and in 1978 the first trivalent vaccine was developed. In 1947 Jonas Salk one of the vaccines creators began to develop a polio vaccine which was perfected and approved in 1955.

Military forces against the flu during World War II. An early form of a diphtheria vaccine had been used. Jonas Salk was one of the lead researchers.

Rush to create flu vaccine in 1970s led to outbreak of deadly illness scientists say WSB-TV Channel 2 - Atlanta.